Climate Change, Sustainability, and Reproductive Health: A Mixed-Methods Study
Integrating Family Planning into Climate Adaptation: A Mixed-Methods Study from Flood-Affected Districts of South Punjab, Pakistan
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Abstract
Background: Climate change increasingly threatens human health, especially in vulnerable regions like South Punjab, Pakistan. However, its effects on reproductive health and family planning remain underexplored. This study investigated how climate change shapes reproductive health behaviors and family planning decisions in Dera Ghazi Khan and Layyah districts after the 2022 floods.
Methods: Using a mixed-methods design, the study collected data from January to March 2023. Eighty-seven participants were purposively sampled. Quantitative surveys measured climate change awareness, contraceptive use, and reproductive intentions post-flood. Qualitative interviews explored cultural and social factors influencing family planning decisions. SPSS was used for quantitative analysis, and NVivo supported qualitative thematic analysis.
Results: While participants showed moderate awareness of climate change impacts on health, few reported changing reproductive behavior. Only 28% adjusted contraceptive use or reproductive plans due to environmental concerns. Qualitative findings revealed key barriers, including strong cultural norms, lack of eco-friendly contraceptive options, and limited provider counseling. Both districts highlighted the dominance of short-term survival concerns over long-term environmental considerations.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need to integrate climate resilience into reproductive health programs. Priorities include environmental education in family planning services, access to sustainable contraceptives, and community engagement. Broader policy reforms and cross-sector collaboration are essential to address the intertwined challenges of climate change, health, and sustainability.
Keywords: Climate change, reproductive health, family planning, sustainability.
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